Question 1

According to Daniel Batson, when witnessing another person's distress triggers empathy and compassion, the act of helping is motivated by

Accepted Answer

A)   egoism.
B)   altruism.
C)   the social responsibility norm.
D)   anxiety reduction.E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 2

Takooshian and Bodinger (1982)  staged hundreds of car burglaries in 18 cities. They found that fewer than 1 in 10 passers-by

Accepted Answer

A)   called the police.
B)   interpreted the event as a burglary.
C)   tried to stop them.
D)   even questioned their activity.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 3

Research on the relationship between personality traits and helping behaviour reveals that

Accepted Answer

A)   personality traits have little to no influence on helping.
B)   the person and the situation interact to predict helping.
C)   assertiveness strongly predicts helping across a variety of situations.
D)   gender is the only person characteristic that predicts helping better than situational factors.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 4

Schaller and Cialdini told participants who felt sad over a suffering victim that their sadness was going to be relieved by listening to a comedy tape. Under these conditions, participants who felt empathy for the victim

Accepted Answer

A)   were not especially helpful.
B)   became distressed at the attempt to turn their attention away from victim.
C)   were even more likely to offer aid to the victim.
D)   asked the experimenters to include the victim in the mood-boosting experience.E) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 5

The social-responsibility norm refers to the expectation that

Accepted Answer

A)   people will help when necessary in order to receive help themselves later.
B)   leaders should help more than regular group members.
C)   people will help those dependent upon them.
D)   to receive help, people have the responsibility to ask for it.E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 6

Who of the following is least likely to help an injured pedestrian?

Accepted Answer

A)   Peter, who has just found $10 in a grocery store.
B)   Anita, who is five minutes late for a committee meeting.
C)   Carol, who has just lost a dollar bill in a poker game.
D)   Ralph, who is five minutes early for work.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 7

Sarah, a university student who studies psychology, is most likely to help which of the following individuals?

Accepted Answer

A)   Bill, a 60-year old politician.
B)   Jane, a 16 year old high-school drop-out.
C)   Sarah, a 45-year old nurse.
D)   Paul, a 24-year old construction worker.E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 8

You observe a woman rush into the street in front of a speeding car to pull a child out of the way. According to Skinner's analysis of altruism, in which of the following situations would you not see her action as altruistic?

Accepted Answer

A)   The woman was a stranger to the child.
B)   The speeding car was a police car.
C)   Another woman had done the same thing the week before.
D)   None of these choices.E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 9

We are more likely to redeem ourselves with helpful behaviour when ______________.

Accepted Answer

A)   no one knows about our misdeeds.
B)   other people know about our misdeeds.
C)   we are afraid that someone will find out about our misdeeds.
D)   None of these choices.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 10

In one laboratory experiment where sets of twins played games for money, identical twins were _______________ as likely as fraternal twins to cooperate with their twin for a shared gain.

Accepted Answer

A)   half again
B)   twice
C)   three times
D)   one thirdE) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 11

The vicarious experience of another's feeling is

Accepted Answer

A)   egoism.
B)   empathy.
C)   altruism.
D)   voyeurism.E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 12

If you find a lost wallet, you ought to return it to its owner or turn it in to the proper authorities. Such a prescription for appropriate behaviour is an example of a

Accepted Answer

A)   norm.
B)   template.
C)   moral schema.
D)   natural law.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 13

Preliminary indications of research on personality traits are that those high in ______________ are most likely to be concerned and helpful.

Accepted Answer

A)   femininity, assertiveness, and dominance
B)   emotionality, empathy, and self-efficacy
C)   masculinity, sympathy, and nurturance
D)   sensitivity, compassion, and introversionE) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 14

Social-exchange theorists argue that we are most likely to help someone

Accepted Answer

A)   who is dependent on us.
B)   who is less attractive than we are.
C)   who deserves to be helped.
D)   whose approval is important to us.E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 15

The sequence of steps in Latane and Darley's bystander intervention theory are as follows:

Accepted Answer

A)   Notice the incident, assume responsibility, interpret as an emergency, try to help.
B)   Notice the incident, interpret as an emergency, try to help, assume responsibility.
C)   Notice the incident, try to help, assume responsibility, interpret as an emergency.
D)   Notice the incident, interpret as an emergency, assume responsibility, try to help.E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 16

Research by Beaman and colleagues shows that once people understand why the presence of bystanders ____________ helping they become ____________ likely to help in group situations.

Accepted Answer

A)   inhibits; more
B)   inhibits; less
C)   increases; more
D)   increases: lessE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 17

Research evidence indicates that prosocial models

Accepted Answer

A)   presented on television have virtually no effect on children.
B)   promote altruism in children but not in adults.
C)   promote altruism in the observers.
D)   in the long run decrease helping because observers seem to believe that aid is less necessary.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 18

According to research, helping ___________ a bad mood and __________ positive self-esteem.

Accepted Answer

A)   softens; sustains
B)   increases; decreases
C)   increases; sustains
D)   softens; increasesE) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 19

The reciprocity norm should be strongest for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)   Kent, a London resident
B)   Julia, a New York city resident
C)   Missy, a resident of a small, rural farm town
D)   Tam, a Tokyo residentE) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 20

The idea that evolution has selected altruism toward one's close relatives to enhance the survival of mutually shared genes is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)   evolutionary kinship.
B)   altruistic selection.
C)   kin selection.
D)   self-serving helpfulness.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Exam 8: Altruism: Helping Others

According to Daniel Batson, when witnessing another person's distress triggers empathy and compassion, the act of helping is motivated by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You observe a woman rush into the street in front of a speeding car to pull a child out of the way. According to Skinner's analysis of altruism, in which of the following situations would you not see her action as altruistic?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If you find a lost wallet, you ought to return it to its owner or turn it in to the proper authorities. Such a prescription for appropriate behaviour is an example of a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Social-exchange theorists argue that we are most likely to help someone

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Takooshian and Bodinger (1982) staged hundreds of car burglaries in 18 cities. They found that fewer than 1 in 10 passers-by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to research, helping ___________ a bad mood and __________ positive self-esteem.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

We are more likely to redeem ourselves with helpful behaviour when ______________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In one laboratory experiment where sets of twins played games for money, identical twins were _______________ as likely as fraternal twins to cooperate with their twin for a shared gain.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The reciprocity norm should be strongest for which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research evidence indicates that prosocial models

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The idea that evolution has selected altruism toward one's close relatives to enhance the survival of mutually shared genes is referred to as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The sequence of steps in Latane and Darley's bystander intervention theory are as follows:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sarah, a university student who studies psychology, is most likely to help which of the following individuals?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The vicarious experience of another's feeling is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research on the relationship between personality traits and helping behaviour reveals that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research by Beaman and colleagues shows that once people understand why the presence of bystanders ____________ helping they become ____________ likely to help in group situations.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Preliminary indications of research on personality traits are that those high in ______________ are most likely to be concerned and helpful.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Who of the following is least likely to help an injured pedestrian?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Schaller and Cialdini told participants who felt sad over a suffering victim that their sadness was going to be relieved by listening to a comedy tape. Under these conditions, participants who felt empathy for the victim

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The social-responsibility norm refers to the expectation that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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According to research, helping _ a bad mood and positive self-esteem.

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Research by Beaman and colleagues shows that once people understand why the presence of bystanders helping they become likely to help in group situations.

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